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Table of Contents
Engineering & Technology
Web Developer
Overview
A web developer is a programmer who writes codes for a website. They are primarily responsible for making a website functional. They need to have a strong technical background with knowledge of programming languages such as HTML/XHTML, CSS, JavaScript and jQuery. Writing programs to run websites requires them to use tools such as EmberJS, ReactJS or AngularJS. They work closely with website designers and web content writers to create websites as per the requirements of their clients. As technology is becoming more and more accessible to people, the number of websites on the World Wide Web (www) are increasing rapidly. This is leading to a boom in the number of job opportunities available for web developers. One can choose to work as a freelancer or be part of the technical team of project managers, designers, content developers in various organisations.
Job Prospects
Some of the prospective jobs under this field are :
- UX Researcher (user researcher) : They conduct primary research to find out who the users are and what they want from any particular website. They also study user behaviour and work with teams of designers, product managers and engineers to develop new features. Their job involves dealing with large amounts of data and drawing conclusions based on the same.
- UI Designer (user interface designer) : Their primary job is to make sure that every page of the website is user friendly and the user is experiencing it in a manner that was intended by the creators. They are the bridge between the users and the UX designers who lay out the website. Arrangement of icons on a page and the overall look and layout of a website must meet the requirements of both the developers as well as the users.
- Back–end Web Developers : They are responsible for creating codes and programs which run a website. The functional aspect as per expectations is their primary concern.
- Front–end Web Developers : They are responsible for the overall look of a website. They are concerned with creating a site’s layout and graphics.
- Webmaster : His/her job entails maintaining websites and keeping them updated. They ensure that websites are operating in an optimal fashion and correct any errors that hinder its functioning.
Roles & Responsibilities
- Meet with clients to understand in detail their requirements for a website and sketch out a plan to work on the project.
- Deciding on the best technologies and languages to be used for a project.
- Writing code in one or more programming languages such as PHP, JavaScript etc.
- Integrating graphics, audios and videos into the website.
- Designing information architecture within an application or website.
- Planning and prototyping new applications.
- Testing sites and applications in different browsers.
- Monitor website traffic.
- Attending viruses or bugs and correcting errors which interfere with the functioning of the website.
- Learning and testing new technologies, frameworks and languages.
- Staying up to date with new trends and advancements in web development.
Desired Attributes
Given below are desired qualities for professionals in this field :
- Strong technical background with knowledge of different programming languages.
- Analytic bend of mid to deal with micro as well as macro level data.
- Good time management skills to meet project deadlines.
- Have a good eye for detail to be able to code without making errors.
- Ability to work under pressure and problem solve effectively.
- Need to be a team player with good interpersonal skills.
- Ability to communicate well with clients and other professionals on the team.
- Resilient and patient in their approach to work.
How to get there
Path 1
- Clear 12th standard in any stream
- BCA (Bachelors in Computer Application)
- Certification courses in UI/UX designing
Path 2
- Clear 12th standard in any stream
- B.Sc Computer Science
- Certification courses in UI/UX designing
Path 3
- Clear 12th standard in any stream
- Graduation in any stream
- Certification courses in UI/UX designing
Information Technology
Overview
Information Technology (IT) refers to the development, maintenance and use of computer software, systems and networks. It provides the technology for the processing and distribution of data. It involves installing, organizing and maintaining computer systems as well as designing and operating databases and networks. IT specialists create, set up and maintain hardware and software products for the purpose of processing and communicating information and data. IT forms the functional backbone of most industries such as banking, e-commerce, medical, education sector etc. Most businesses rely heavily on computer softwares and applications to ensure smooth operations. As a field, it offers many different kinds of job opportunities depending on one’s specialisation and area of interest.
Job Prospects
Some of the prospective jobs under this field are :
- Programmer : Computer programmers write the code that allows software programs to run. They use designs created by business analysts and software engineers to create code and ensure that client’s specific requirements are met.
- Software Engineer : Software engineers design and build software operating systems, business applications, computer applications, games, network control systems etc.
- Software Developer : Different software’s are developed to perform specific tasks on various devices, such as computers or mobile devices. They are responsible for the development, testing and maintenance of software programs.
- Mobile Application Developer : A mobile app developer creates applications of different kinds specifically to be used on mobile phones. They use software programs to write codes depending on the operating system of the device.
- Web developer : A web developer or programmer is someone who takes a web design which has been created by either a client or a design team and writes codes to turn it into a functional website.
- Java Developer : A Java Developer is responsible for the development and programming of applications and software using the popular programming language, Java.
- Cloud Architect : A cloud architect is an IT professional who is responsible for overseeing a company’s cloud computing strategy. This includes cloud adoption plans, cloud application design and cloud management.
- Computer Network Architect : Computer network architects design, build and maintain a variety of data communication networks, including local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WLANs) and intranets.
- Data Modeller : They are responsible for separating different types of data into structures that can be easily processed by computer systems. They work closely with data architects to design databases that meet organisational needs using conceptual, logical and physical data models.
- Database Design Analyst : Data analysts assist in making business decisions by analysing various kinds of data collected by an organisation such as market figures, transportation costs etc.
- Database Administrator : Database administrators manage a company’s data using database management software. They ensure access to company’s data as and when needed by employees.
- Network Engineer : A technology professional that has the necessary skills to plan, implement and oversee the computer networks that support in-house voice, video, data and wireless network services.
- Network Analyst : A Network Analyst performs the configuration, analysis, installation, layout, and maintenance of an organization’s network components.
- IT Consultant : An IT consultant typically works as a consultant and analyses IT systems and structure of organisations or businesses.
- Computer Systems Analyst : Computer systems analysts study an organization’s current computer systems and procedures and design solutions to help the organization operate more efficiently and effectively.
- Computer Support Specialist : A computer support specialist provides technical support regarding any IT issue to a company, its customers and staff.
- Technical Support Specialist : Technical support specialists provide technical support, advice, and assistance to consumers and businesses with technical, hardware and software system problems.
- IT Security Specialist : IT security is in charge of keeping organisations safe from malicious digital attacks. They implement and run security software, scan for abnormalities, upgrade systems and keep the company informed of the risks involved while usage.
- Application Support Analyst : Application support analysts fix applications and system problems that disrupt application services for uses.
- IT Vendor Manager : They work alongside management and budgeting offices to manage and control stock levels and ensure that IT requirements are met for an organisation.
- Chief Information Officer : A chief information officer, or CIO, is the company executive responsible for the management, implementation and usability of information and computer technologies.
- Health IT Specialist : They maintain and repair the IT systems within a healthcare facility. They are responsible for the management and organization of medical records, assigning codes to medical procedures, insurance and other health specific data.
- Geospatial Professional : Geospatial professionals assist scientists, technologists or related professionals in building, maintaining, modifying or using geographic information systems (GIS) databases.
- Computer & Information Research Scientist : They invent and design new technology and find new uses for existing technology. They study and solve complex problems in computing for businesses, banking, medicine and other sectors.
- Telecommunication Specialist : A telecommunication specialist develops a tailored communication network by designing video, data and voice communication systems based on an organisations’ technology needs.
Roles & Responsibilities
Day-to-day duties vary depending on one’s area of expertise. Certain duties attached to this field are :
- Designing and creating websites for clients.
- Writing codes based on established design to make a website, software or application functional.
- Write programs for softwares, applications and test their usability.
- Provide technical assistance to clients, in order to maintain their computing systems and networks.
- Train users in navigating and meeting their technological needs by proper usage of computing systems in place.
- Install and repair computing systems and internet networks for organisations.
- Coordinate with designers, programmers, analysts and technical staff to ensure smooth running of the network systems installed.
- Assist in the development of new innovative technologies; designed to solve specific problems.
- Ensure the safety of user data and prevent lapses in cyber security.
Desired Attributes
Given below are desired qualities for professionals in this field :
- Strong technical and theoretical background.
- Ability to multitask and manage time well to meet deadlines.
- Good decision making and problem solving skills.
- Detail oriented and meticulous in approach to work.
- Good organisational and managerial skills.
- Ability to handle large data sets with ease and efficiency.
How to get there
Path 1:
- Class 12th standard in science stream (Maths compulsory)
- B.Tech in Software Engineering / Computer Science Engineering / IT Engineering – 4 years.
- M.Tech: 2-3 years.
- PhD- 2-3 years.
Path 2:
- Class 12th standard in science stream (Maths compulsory)
- B.Tech+ M.Tech (Dual degree) – 5 years.
- PhD – 2-3 years.
Entrance Exams:
After clearing class 12th examination, candidates are required to sit for national-level or state-level entrance exams to gain admission in colleges in order to pursue IT courses and obtain a degree in the field.
Engineering
Overview
Engineering is a discipline dedicated to problem solving. To put it simply, engineers identify a problem and work towards developing a solution for it. Engineers use science, critical thinking and mathematical concepts to develop new ideas, products and technologies to make life simpler and more efficient. They can work as scientists, inventors, designers, builders and theorists. It will be difficult to point out a sector which is void of engineering principles and application. This ensures job opportunities for aspirants in various sectors. The role of engineering is indispensable in sectors such as computer science, architecture, finance, medical, information technology to name a few. Basic foundation is laid by courses covering engineering concepts and principles in the field; students can specialize further depending upon their area of interest and inclination towards working in any particular field.
Job Prospects
Some of the prospective jobs under this field are :
- Acoustic Engineer : They are involved with designing buildings and rooms to ensure best sound output. They provide expertise in designing auditoriums, music halls, develop techniques and sound absorbing materials, and work towards improving the acoustics of a place.
- Aerospace Engineer : The Aerospace engineers are responsible for the design, development and production of spacecrafts and related air technology. Both air and space vehicles contain complex subsystems that require specialists from many engineering fields such as electrical, mechanical and computer engineering.
- Aeronautical Engineer : He/she applies engineering principles and techniques to the design, construction and operation of aircrafts.
- Agricultural Engineer : Agricultural engineers look into the area of land farming and forestry. They develop biofuels, manage animal habitats and find better food processing methods along with finding better ways to protect farms and animals.
- Audio Engineer : Audio engineers use machinery and equipment to record, synchronize, mix or reproduce music, voices or sound effects. They work on the production of movies, music recordings, live shows and video games.
- Automobile Engineer : Automobile engineers research, design and develop vehicles and their subsystems. They work with sophisticated technologies to create products which are exciting, challenging and lead to the growth of the sector.
- Biomedical Engineer : They work towards improving patient care by designing equipment such as MRI machines, surgical instruments etc. They combine principles of biology, medicine and engineering in their work.
- Chemical Engineer : Chemical engineers utilize their knowledge of the physical world to manipulate the interactions of individual atoms and molecules to develop new materials used in nanotechnology, energy storage and computing.
- Civil Engineer : They provide their expertise and supervise the construction of roads, buildings, bridges, water supply system etc. They need to ensure that construction adheres to the laws of engineering as well as rules and regulation set by the governing body.
- Computer Engineer : They develop software and hardware for computers. Operating system software, such as Windows and Linux, to individual computer programs, such as Photoshop and Microsoft Office are designed and developed by them.
- Drafting & Design Engineer : Every plan needs to be designed and drafted from the beginning to the end. This career requires a working knowledge of drafting and design principles, material types and properties and manufacturing processes.
- Dairy Technology : The dairy technology is a component of food technology that specifically deals with the processing, storage, packaging, distribution and transportation of the dairy products like milk, ice-cream, curd etc. by implying the science of biochemistry, bacteriology and nutrition.
- Electrical Engineer : Electrical engineers design, develop, test and supervise electrical equipment manufacturing. They specialize in the generation and supply of electric power.
- Electronics & Telecommunication : Electronics engineers specialize in electronic devices, circuits and communications equipment like transmitter, receiver, integrated circuits, microwaves, etc. They work towards improving the functionality and technology of communication devices and servers.
- Environmental Engineer : Environmental engineers use science and engineering principles to improve and protect the environment. Maintaining the quality of air, water and soil is their primary focus. They use technologically advanced devices such as the semiconductor etc. to find solutions for waste management and other environmental issues.
- Geological Engineer : These engineers apply earth sciences to solve human problems. Specialty areas include geotechnical site studies of rock and soil slope stability for projects, environmental studies and planning for construction sites, groundwater studies, hazard investigations and finding fossil fuel and mineral deposits.
- Industrial Engineer : Industrial engineers are responsible for the development, implementation, improvement and evaluation of energy, equipment and material. They are concerned with reducing production costs, increasing efficiency, improving the quality of products and services, ensuring worker health and safety, protecting the environment and complying with government regulations.
- Instrumentation Engineer : Instrumentation engineers are employed at essential positions in the industrial manufacturing sector and usually work in industries with automated processes such as chemical or manufacturing plants with the goal of improving system productivity, reliability and stability.
- Marine Engineer : Marine engineers are responsible for the design and construction of seagoing vessels and structures, focusing primarily on their internal systems. They oversee the operation, maintenance and repair of all major mechanical and engineered equipment on board a ship.
- Materials Engineer : They are concerned with the structure, properties, production and use of various materials in different industries.
- Mechanical Engineer : They study motion, energy and force of elements and their application by using a combination of human, material and economic resources.
- Metallurgical Engineer : They separate metals from their ores and prepare them for use i.e refine them to a pure state and convert refined materials into useful finished products.
- Mining Engineer : The main focus of the engineers is to extract minerals from the earth by implementing scientific technology.
- Nuclear Engineer : Their work involves the handling, control and application of nuclear materials and reactors for generating usable energy.
- Ocean Engineer : They deal with the design and installation of all kinds of equipment used in oceans.
- Optical Engineer : Optical engineers design optical systems for cameras, phones, telescopes, etc. They also design, develop circuitry to fine tune and calibrate optical devices.
- Petroleum Engineer : Engineers design and develop technology and methods for digging the earth’s surface to extract gas and oil.
- Production Engineer : Production engineers deal with the designing, development, maintenance, implementation, operation and controlling of all processes in the manufacture of any product.
- Safety & Occupational Health Engineer : They help to manage the safety needs of any organisation in a variety of occupational settings. They devise preventive techniques against regional and industrial pollution.
- Software Engineer : They are specialists who design, develop and maintain the computer software for businesses and personal use.
- Textile Engineer : They are experts who guide the processes and machinery in the production of natural and synthetic fibers.
Roles & Responsibilities
Day-to-day duties vary depending on one’s area of expertise. Certain duties attached to this field are :
- Research : Engineers conduct research to prove theories, develop new theories, analyse concepts, seek new principles and processes by employing scientific concepts, and experimental techniques.
- Development : Research is followed by the process of development in order to achieve concrete results. They use their knowledge in a creative and unique manner to develop new products and services.
- Design : In designing a structure or a product, engineers select the appropriate methods and materials to meet the technical and practical requirements of the product.
- Construction : Engineers prepare the site of work by determining the procedures that will economically and safely yield the desired final product.
- Production : They choose processes and tools, integrate the flow of materials and components and provide testing and inspection for the product or structure being produced. Maintaining quality control is an important aspect of production.
- Operation : They determine procedures and supervise personnel to obtain reliable results by monitoring machines, plants and organizations that provide power, transportation and communication.
Apart from the above, engineers have additional duties as well. Some of them are mentioned below:
- Work with management to develop the project budget.
- Assist in planning, coordinating and executing engineering projects.
- Work in compliance with standard operating procedures and company policies.
- Address customer complaints in a timely and accurate manner.
- Analyze problems and suggest corrective actions.
- Develop preventive maintenance and support programs.
Desired Attributes
Given below are desired qualities for professionals in this field :
- Have a scientific and analytical bent of mind.
- Strong theoretical foundation.
- Passionate and dedicated towards one’s craft.
- Ability to think critically and draw logical conclusions.
- Good at decision making and problem solving.
- Need to work well within a team setup.
- Excellent communication skills.
- Ability to multitask and manage time well.
- Adequate organisational and managerial skills.
- Need to be able to handle stress in a healthy manner.
- Creative and innovative approach to work.
- Hunger to keep on learning and refine one’s skill set.
How to get there
- Clear 12th standard with science stream (PCM)
- Eligibility: 50% aggregate required (PCM)
- Admission process: Merit list is prepared after combining 12th standard marks and entrance exam marks.
- Graduation: B.E/B.Tech courses for 3-4 years
- Post-Graduation: M.Tech/M.E courses for 2-3 years
- After Post-Graduation: PhD for 2-3 years
Entrance Exams:
- JEE Main – Joint Entrance Exams
- JEE Advanced
Computer Science
Overview
Computer Science is the study of computers and computational systems. It deals mostly with the theory, design, development and application of software and network systems. Principal areas of study within computer science include artificial intelligence, computer systems and networks, security, database systems, human computer interaction, vision and graphics, numerical analysis, programming languages, bioinformatics and theory of computing. Professionals in this field design and analyze algorithms to solve programs and study the performance of computer hardware and software. In today’s day and age, the numerous practical applications of computers influence many aspects of our lives. Globally sectors such as finance, trade, retail, communication etc rely heavily on the technological advances made in this field.
Given below are various fields under Computer Science:
- Computer Programmer : Computer programmers write the codes that make up software programs such as word processors, games, operating systems etc. They use designs created by business analysts and software engineers to create code that meets required specifications.
- Database Administrator : Database administrators manage a company’s data using database management software. Their job includes protecting the integrity, managing the availability and organizing the company’s data to ensure smooth running of an organisation.
- Game Developer & Designer : Game developers & designers design and create video games for computers and video game consoles. They may be involved in various aspects of a game’s creation from concept and story writing to coding and programming. Other potential areas of work for a game developer include audio, design, production and visual arts.
- Game Tester : A Game Tester receives advanced copies of games in order to thoroughly test the game prior to public release. They must navigate all the menus to ensure that everything works correctly. Test all the modes and levels from start to finish to expose any glitches to ensure the proper functioning of the game.
- Data Scientist : A data scientist is someone who derives meaning from obtained data. They fetch information from various sources and analyze it to better understand the functioning of softwares, tools and applications.
- Software Developer : Software developers create and maintain computer programs that run devices and computer-related tasks. They specialize in either applications or systems software.
- Web Developer : Web developers design and code the websites we use every day and are responsible for a site’s visual presentation, interactive features, capacity and backend structure. Using languages like Javascript, HTML and CSS, web developers transform ideas into codes and websites.
- Network Administrator : Network administrators play a pivotal role within companies and organizations, handling day-to-day operations while monitoring both local area networks, wide area networks and their related equipment. They install firewalls, evaluate software and hardware, monitor traffic, install filters and test the network for weaknesses.
- Systems Analyst : They evaluate an organization’s computer systems and processes to help clients operate their businesses more efficiently. Most analysts conduct in-depth system testing, research emerging technologies and prepare cost analysis reports for clients.
- Security Analyst : Information security analysts protect an organization’s computer network from cyber threats and security breaches through defence planning and incident response.
- Information Research : Computer and information research scientists develop new and meaningful applications for computer hardware and software programs. Their work focuses on finding solutions to computing problems in science, medicine, business and many other fields.
- Animation : Animators are artists who use sequential images of drawings, puppets and models to create characters for films, commercials, computer games, music videos and websites. Today, computer-generated imagery (CGI) has mostly replaced manual animation, but a significant amount of artistic talent is still required.
Job Prospects
Some of the prospective jobs under this field are :
- Application analyst
- CAD technician
- Data analyst
- Forensic computer analyst
- Game designer
- Multimedia programmer
- Web designer
- Social media manager
- IT sales professional
- Nanotechnologist
Roles & Responsibilities
Day-to-day duties vary depending on one’s area of expertise. Certain duties attached to this field are :
- Studying computing problems to develop solutions for hardware and software systems.
- Applying scientific and technological principles to broaden the scope of existing technologies.
- Developing new technology and programs.
- Engaging with specific users to discern project goals and unique system needs.
- Assessing proposed projects to determine feasibility.
- Ensuring that projects meet performance and industry standards.
- Creating, testing, analysing and maintaining codes for companies in accordance with their Software Development Policy.
- Staying updated with the latest developments in software technology, applications and computer programs.
Desired Attributes
Given below are desired qualities for professionals in this field :
- Having an innovative and analytical approach towards work.
- Strong theoretical foundation.
- Good communication and interpersonal skills.
- Ability to delegate and work well within a team set up.
- Good problem solving skills.
- Ability to multitask and handle pressure to meet deadlines.
- Adapt quickly to meet the ever evolving challenges faced at work.
How to get there
Aviation
Overview
The field of aviation deals with the design, development and operation of aircrafts. Piloting, airport operations, engineering, mechanics and aircraft manufacturing are areas which fall within this realm. In relation to the above, job opportunities are available in commercial airlines, private manufacturing companies, airports and government organizations. Individuals with a strong background in mathematics, science and engineering have the option of joining the aviation industry. The aviation sector creates multiple job opportunities, boosts sectors such as tourism and trade, attracts global investors for business expansion which ultimately leads to a boom in the economy and commerce of a nation.
Job Prospects
Some of the prospective jobs under this field are
Pilot
A pilot is the commander-in-chief who controls and operates a flight. They fly passengers and cargo to destinations around the globe.
Career Opportunities
- International/Domestic Airlines:Pilots fly domestic/international flights for major airlines.
- Helicopter Pilot: They primarily specialise in operating helicopters.
- Corporate and Business Aviation: Corporate pilots fly smaller, high end, corporate jets for corporations, businesses etc.
- Cargo Pilot: Cargo pilots fly planes larger than the commercial aircrafts to transport cargo for companies.
- Medical & Air Ambulance Pilot: Also known as EMR pilots, medicinal pilots fly personnelles attending to medical emergencies or natural disasters.
- Astronaut: They travel to space in order to carry out space research missions and projects.
Desired Attributes
Given below are desired qualities for professionals in this field :
- Having an innovative and analytical approach towards work.
- Strong theoretical foundation.
- Good communication and interpersonal skills.
- Ability to delegate and work well within a team set up.
- Good problem solving skills.
- Ability to multitask and handle pressure to meet deadlines.
- Adapt quickly to meet the ever evolving challenges faced at work.
How to get there
Aircraft Maintenance Engineer
As critical pillars of the aviation sector, aircraft maintenance engineers are responsible for manufacture, maintenance and repair of specialized aircraft instrumentation and parts. They ensure flight safety by carrying out maintenance for aircrafts.
Career Opportunities
- International/Domestic Airlines:Pilots fly domestic/international flights for major airlines.
- Helicopter Pilot: They primarily specialise in operating helicopters.
- Corporate and Business Aviation: Corporate pilots fly smaller, high end, corporate jets for corporations, businesses etc.
- Cargo Pilot: Cargo pilots fly planes larger than the commercial aircrafts to transport cargo for companies.
- Medical & Air Ambulance Pilot: Also known as EMR pilots, medicinal pilots fly personnelles attending to medical emergencies or natural disasters.
- Astronaut: They travel to space in order to carry out space research missions and projects.
How to get there
Aerospace Engineering
An Aerospace engineer is involved in the research, design, development, testing and launching of commercial as well as military airplanes, weapon systems, space vehicles and satellites.
Career Opportunities
- Aerospace Engineer:They work towards improving flight safety & fuel efficiency, developing control systems and analyzing new materials to advance aerospace technologies.
- Aircraft Designer: Individuals specializing in this field deal with designing, constructing and testing aircraft, missiles and space crafts. They may conduct basic and applied research to evaluate adaptability of materials in aircraft design and manufacture.
- Aviation Engineer: They deal with airspace development, airport design, aircraft navigation technologies and aerodrome planning.
- Satellite & Space Research: Professionals deal with navigation systems, radars and other communication networks.
- Defence: Individuals working with the defence services deal with creation, maintenance and deployment of defence aircrafts such as fighter jets, choppers, bombers etc.
How to get there
Air Traffic Control
Air traffic controllers monitor and direct the movement of air traffic in and around airports.
Roles & Responsibilities
Duties in the field depend on one’s area of specialisation. Some of them are as follows :
- Create, design, test and maintain aircrafts and associated machinery depending upon one’s area of specialisation (engineer, researcher, technician etc).
- Follow established protocols in carrying out daily tasks.
- Delegate work to subordinates and work within teams to plan, coordinate and execute assignments as per the goals set by the organisation.
- Train on a regular basis to refine one’s skill set.
Desired Attributes
Given below are desired qualities for professionals in this field :
- Good communication and interpersonal skills.
- Ability to work well within a team set up.
- Need to be able to make prompt and smart decisions.
- Ability to remain calm and adapt quickly to emergency situations.
- Willingness to improve one’s skill set by training regularly and being up-to-day with the latest developments in the field.
- Strong leadership skills.